Variable Information
| Label | Are you blind or do you have serious difficulty seeing, even when wearing glasses? | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Section | Disability Status | ||||||||||||
| Data Type | integer | ||||||||||||
| RADx Variable Category | RADx Core Variable | ||||||||||||
| Description | The nih_blind data element records responses to the prompt, or a congruently meaning prompt, "Are you blind or do you have serious difficulty seeing, even when wearing glasses?". Equivalent prompts are:
- "Are you blind, or do you have serious difficulty seeing, even when wearing glasses?" RADx-UP
- "Are you blind or do you have serious difficulty seeing, even when wearing glasses?" RADx-rad
- "Are you blind or do you have serious difficulty seeing, even when wearing glasses?" RADx-Tech
- "Are you blind or do you have serious difficulty seeing, even when wearing glasses?" RADx-DHT
The values for this data element are integers that come from a list of 5 permissible integer values.
The nih_blind data element is the result of the harmonization of other RADx program data elements: disability_blind RADx-UP; blind RADx-rad; vision RADx-Tech; dht_blind RADx-DHT
Note that the meaning of the value 97 is context specific and depends on the subset of permissible value used by a specific study (not all studies presented the full set of permissible values documented here for this data element). Therefore, the meaning of the value 97 in an individual data record MUST be determined by referring to the original data dictionary for the non-harmonized data in that study.
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| Keywords | blindness (disorder); vision impairment; vision loss; visual impairment | ||||||||||||
| Term | [MONDO:0001941] blindness (disorder) | ||||||||||||
| From | RADx-DHT dht_blind RADx-Tech vision RADx-UP disability_blind_2 RADx-rad blind | ||||||||||||
| Permissible Values |
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List of Studies Using Variable
- Community-Based COVID-19 Testing Evaluation
- Creating a Sustainable Infrastructure for SARS-CoV-2 Testing at Syringe Exchange Programs
- Multi-Modal Wireless COVID Monitoring and Infection Alerts for Concentrated Populations
- Validation of Smart Masks for Surveillance of COVID-19
- SF-RAD: Development and Proof-of-Concept Implementation of the South Florida Miami RADx-rad SARS-CoV-2 Wastewater-Based Surveillance Infrastructure
- Community Driven Approach to Mitigate COVID-19 Disparities in Hawaii's Vulnerable Populations
- AFS/SERS Saliva-Based SARS-CoV-2 Earliest Infection and Antibodies Detection
- Severity Predictors Using Immunology and Transcriptomics in Saliva Using Multi Neural Network Intelligence in SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Children (SPITS MISC)
- Characterization of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children and Its Relationship to Kawasaki Disease
- A Rapid, Sensitive, Point-of-Care, Antigen-Based Diagnostics for SARS-CoV-2
- A Handheld Microchip for GC Analysis of Breath to Screen for COVID-19
- NJ HEROES TOO: New Jersey Healthcare Essential Worker Outreach and Education Study Testing Overlooked Occupations
- Reaching Communities through the Design of Information Visualizations (ReDIVis) Toolbox for Return of COVID-19 Results (RCR)
- COVID-19 Network of Networks Expanding Clinical and Translational Approaches to Predict Severe Illness in Children (CONNECT to Predict SIck Children)
- A Multimodal Platform for Oral Screening of COVID-19
- SCALE UP Utah: A Community-Academic Partnership to Address COVID-19 Among Utah Community Health Centers
- COVID-19 Testing and Linkage to Care with African American Church and Health Agency Partners
- Adapting Community-Based Task-Shifting for the COVID-19 Response Among Underserved Populations in Piedmont, North Carolina (ACT UP)
- Understanding the COVID-19, Racism, and Violence Syndemic and Its Effects on COVID-19 Testing Disparities
- Scaling Up SARS-CoV-2 Testing to Serve Latinx Communities
- AICORE-kids: Artificial Intelligence COVID-19 Risk AssEssment for kids
- Portable GC Detector for COVID Diagnostics
- Community Network-Driven COVID-19 Testing of Vulnerable Populations in the Central US (C3)
- Diagnosis of MIS-C in Febrile Children
- Increasing Representation of Black Communities in SARS-CoV-2 Serosurveys by Understanding Barriers and Motivations for Participation (Represent ATL)
- Identifying Biomarker Signatures of Prognostic Value for Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C)
- Bridging the Evidence-to-Practice Gap: Evaluating Practice Facilitation as a Strategy to Accelerate Translation of a Systems-Level Adherence Intervention into Safety Net Practices/Project Evidence
- Rapid Acceleration of Acceptable COVID Testing and Care Options for NYC Public Housing Residents (RADx NYCHA)
- Improving the Response of Local Urban and Rural Communities to Disparities in COVID-19 Testing
- Transforming Community Engagement to Increase SARS-CoV-2 Testing in Underserved Populations in Baton Rouge (TEST UP-BR)
- COVID-19 Treatment Cascade Optimization Study
- A Confectionary-Based Screening Tool for Assessing Chemosensory Loss in COVID-19 Patients
- COVID-19 Large Network Center
- Randomized COVID-19 Testing in Vulnerable Communities and Risk Tool Creation (FightCOVIDMKE)
- Alive Church Network: Increasing COVID-19 Testing in Chicago's African American Testing Deserts
- Supporting COVID-19 Prevention and Testing for Marginalized and Minoritized Youth and Young Adults
- Keeping Rural Minority 'Essential' Workplaces Open Safely During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Frequent Point-of-Care Molecular Workplace Surveillance for Miners (The Miners' Pandemic Project)
- Communities Fighting COVID!
- Building Resiliency and Vital Equity (BRAVE)
- Community-Engaged Research on COVID-19 Testing Among Underserved and/or Vulnerable Populations
- Early Detection, Containment, and Management of COVID-19 in Dialysis Facilities Using Multi-Modal Data Sources
- LITE CONNECT: Addressing Testing Gaps and Epidemiologic Disparities of COVID-19 Among Transgender People in the United States
- A Community-Led Approach to Enhance COVID-19 Testing Among Vulnerable Latinos
- Back to ECE Safely with SAGE: Reducing COVID-19 Transmission in Hispanic and Low-Income Preschoolers
- Developing Novel Strategies to Increase COVID-19 Testing Among Underserved and Vulnerable Populations in West Virginia Through Community and State Partnerships
- 2183 SARS-CoV-2 Rapid Antigen Test
- SCENTinel: A Rapid Smell Test for COVID-19 Surveillance
- Nanobody-Based Electrochemical Biosensor for Real-Time Detection of Aerosolized SARS-CoV2
- Use of Behavioral Economics in Repeat SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Testing in Disadvantaged Communities
- Understanding Factors Influencing COVID-19 Testing and Vaccination in Immigrant Low-Income and Homeless Populations and Testing Targeted Interventions
- Community-Driven Optimization of COVID-19 Testing to Reach and Engage Underserved Areas for Testing Equity (CO-CREATE)
- Multiparametric Integrated Molecular Detection of SARS-CoV-2 from Biofluids by Adapting Single Extracellular Vesicle Characterization Technologies
- Using Health Communication to Increase COVID-19 Testing and Vaccination in Underserved Populations
- Exploring Barriers and Facilitators to Women Who Use Drugs (WWUD) Awareness, Acceptance and Uptake of COVID-19 Testing (The CARE Study)
- Rapid Manufacturing Scale-up for Compact Point-of-Care EUA SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR Test
- Accurate, Sensitive and Affordable POC and At Home Testing Device
- Ultra-Sensitive Immunoassay Test for Quantitation of SARS-CoV-2 Antigen
- COVID-19 Test At Home Feasibility Sub-Study
- Support for Safe Return to In-Person School: COVID-19 Testing, Learning, and Consultation
- Community-Engaged Research to Improve the COVID-19 Testing Cascade Among Underserved Populations in the US Caribbean Territories
- Puipuia le Ola: Increasing Reach and Uptake of COVID-19 Testing Among Pacific Islanders in Hawaii and Guam
- Addressing Low-Income Housing Resident Mistrust in COVID-19 Guidance
- Epidemiologic Intelligence Network (EpI-Net) to Promote COVID-19 Testing and Prevention Practices Among Socially Vulnerable Communities in Puerto Rico
- COVID-19 Detection through Scent Analysis with a Compact Gas Chromatography Device
- Assessing Testing Strategies for Safe Return to K-12 Schools in an Underserved Population
- COVID Self-Testing Through Rapid Network Distribution (C-STRAND)
- Addressing COVID-19 Testing Disparities in Vulnerable Populations Using a Community JITAI (Just in Time Adaptive Intervention) Approach-A UTHealth CTSA Program
- Investigating the Effectiveness of COVID-19 Testing Choices, Community Engagement, and Culturally-Embedded mHealth Literacy Delivery in a Medically-Underserved, Community-Based Sample
- Developing a Realtime Monitoring System and Program to Improve COVID-19 Testing for Latinx Populations
- Getting Asian Americans INFORMED To Facilitate COVID-19 Testing and Vaccination
- Social, Ethical, and Behavioral Implications Research on COVID-19: Testing and Vaccine Uptake Among Rural Latino Migrants in Southwest Florida
- Microfluidic Isolation and Characterization of SARS-CoV-2 and Virus Related Exosomes
- Lupus Education Alliance Program (LEAP)
- Organizations to Reduce, Advance, and Lead for Equity (ORALE) Against COVID-19
- Leveraging Social Networks to Increase COVID-19 Testing Uptake: A Comparison of Credible Messenger and Chain Referral Recruitment Approaches
- Testing for COVID-19 in High Risk Children with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (COV-IDD)
- Ethno-epidemiology of Hepatitis C (HCV), HIV and Overdose associated with Drug Markets and Drug Tourism
- SCALE UP COUNTS: A Health Information Technology Approach to Increasing COVID-19 Testing in Elementary and Middle Schools and Serving Disadvantaged Communities
- Obesity Health Disparities Research Center (OHDRC) COVID-19 Testing Model Among Vulnerable Populations From Community Engagement to Follow-Up
- COVID-19 Testing in Underserved and Vulnerable Populations Receiving Care in San Diego Community Health Centers
- SARS-CoV-2 Screening and Diagnostic Testing for Return to K-12 Schools
- A Dynamic COVID-19 Community-Engaged Testing Strategy in Alabama (COVID COMET AL)
- Implementation Science Center in Cancer Control Equity: A Competitive Revision to Accelerate COVID Testing in Vulnerable Communities - Project 08
- The Cherokee Nation Community-Driven Program for Testing and Contact Tracing (Cherokee PROTECT)
- COVID-19: Implementing Community-Based Approaches to Increase SARS-CoV-2 Testing Among an Underserved and Vulnerable Hispanic Population
- Assessing Vaccine Hesitancy and a Pharmacist Led Intervention Model to Increase COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake Among African Americans
- Communities Fighting COVID!: Returning Our Kids Back to School Safely
- ReSET: Restarting Safe Education and Testing for Children with Medical Complexity
- Safety, Testing/Transmission, and Outcomes in Pregnancies with COVID-19 (STOP COVID-19)
- A Nurse-Community Health Worker-Family Partnership Model: Addressing Uptake of COVID-19 Testing and Control Measures
- Reducing Ethical and Social Prejudicial Effects of COVID-19 Testing in Underserved Populations (RESPECT-UP)
- A Community Health Worker Intervention to Identify and Decrease Barriers to Pre-Procedural COVID-19 Testing Among Los Angeles County Department of Health Safety-Net Patients
- A Data Science Approach to Identify and Manage Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) Associated with SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Kawasaki Disease in Pediatric Patients
- Identifying and Addressing Critical Social, Ethical, and Behavioral Factors Associated with COVID-19 Testing and Vaccination Among Spanish Speakers
- Supporting the Health and Well-Being of Children with Intellectual and Developmental Disability During the COVID-19 Pandemic
- Motivational Enhancement to Augment Contingency Management for SARS-CoV-2 Testing and Vaccination Utilization Among Syringe Exchange Clients
- Longitudinal at Home Smell Testing to Detect Infection by SARS-CoV-2
- COVID-19 Test At Home Efficacy Sub-Study
- Test Us Bank Study
- Southeast Asians in the US: Health Equity and Research to Understand COVID-19 Stories (SEA US, HEAR US)
- REACH-OUT: Research, Engagement and Action on COVID-19 Health Outcomes via Testing
- Safer at School Early Alert Project HUB
- RADx-UP Supplement-Vaccine Hesitancy and Uptake
- Social and Behavioral Implications for COVID-19 Testing in Delaware's Underserved Communities
- Maximizing Child Health and Learning Potential: Promoting A School Culture of Safety in the Era of COVID-19: Feasibility of Strategic COVID-19 Testing Protocols in At-Risk Urban Schools
- Identifying COVID-19 Vaccine Deserts Using Machine Learning and Geospatial Analyses to Target Community-Engaged Testing for Vulnerable Rural Populations to Prevent Localized Outbreaks
- Improving Testing for COVID-19 in Skilled Nursing Facilities: IMPACT-C
- Using the Multiphase Optimization Strategy (MOST) to Optimize an Intervention to Increase COVID-19 Testing for Black and Latino/Hispanic Frontline Essential Workers
- Social, Ethical, and Behavioral Factors in the Return to School Among Underserved Communities in Maryland
- Evidence-based Interventions - Individual, Community, and Structural Factors That Predict Lower Rates of COVID-19 Screening Testing in Underserved and Vulnerable Populations
- Community Mistrust and Measures of Institutional Trustworthiness (COMMIT)
- Localized Mobile Health Approach to Boosting COVID-19 Testing and Vaccine Literacy, Access, and Uptake Among Women with Criminal Legal System Involvement
- SARS-CoV-2 Screening in Dialysis Facilities: Building an Optimal Strategy to Protect a High Risk Population
- C2SPARC: Implementing Mobile, POC COVID-19 Testing in Partnership with a Community-Based Organization to Reach Women Who Use Drugs
- Exosome-Based Non-Traditional Technologies Towards Multi-Parametric and Integrated Approaches for SARS-CoV-2
- Conducting Correctional COVID Research and Implementing Novel, Ethically Sound, Sustainable Surveillance Systems (CRAINES)
- ReOpening Schools Safely and Educating Youth (ROSSEY)
- Mobile Health-Targeted SARS-CoV-2 Testing and Community Interventions to Maximize Migrant Children's School Attendance During the COVID-19 Pandemic
- COVID-19 Testing and Vaccination Social Network Diffusion for Diverse Criminal Legal Involved Communities
- Test Us At Home
- Self-Testing for Our Protection from COVID-19 (STOP COVID-19) Study
- Test Us At Home Daily
- Supporting the Health and Well-Being of Children with Intellectual and Developmental Disability During COVID-19 Pandemic
- RADx Tech COVID-19 Viral Dynamics/COVID Detect
- COVID-19 Testing and Prevention in Correctional Settings
- Supported Employment to Create a Community Culture of Rapid Testing Among People Who Inject Drugs: PeerConnect2Test
- Sin Duda: A Community-Driven Approach to Expand Reach, Access and Uptake of COVID-19 Home-Based Tests for At-Risk Latinos
- Social, Behavioral, and Ethical Implications of COVID-19
- You & Me: Test and Treat
- SCALE UP Utah II: Community-Academic Partnership to Address COVID-19 Testing and Vaccination Among Utah Community Health Centers
- ÓRALE COVID-19! Vaccination: An Initiative to Increase COVID-19 Vaccination in Yolo, Madera, Fresno, Stanislaus Counties in California
- Rapid Optimization of COVID-19 Testing for People Affected by Diabetes
- Community Collaboration to Combat Coronavirus (C-FORWARD)
- Collaborative Community Networks to Optimize Implementation of Low Barrier COVID-19 Testing Efforts Among Diverse Latinx Populations in Northern California
- Empowering Schools as Community Assets to Mitigate the Adverse Impacts of COVID-19
- Community Activation to TrAnsform Local sYSTems (CATALYST)
- Increasing Representation of Black Communities in COVID-19 Home Testing and Surveillance Data
- The Puerto Rico Community Action Research and Engagement (PR-CARE) to Eliminate Disparities of COVID-19 Among Rural Underserved and Vulnerable Populations
- Project IMPROVE: Implementing Community-Engaged Intervention Research to Increase Rapid SARS-CoV-2 Self-Testing Among Diverse Underserved and Vulnerable Asian Americans
- Enhancing SARS-CoV-2 Rapid Testing Acceptance in Latinx Communities
- Impact of COVID-19 Testing and Mitigation on Equitable Return-to-School in the Second Largest U.S. School District
- Increasing COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake Through a Patient Navigation Intervention Among Underserved Populations
- Faithful Response II: COVID-19 Rapid Test-to-Treat with African American Churches
- CO-CREATE-Ex: Community-engaged Optimization of COVID-19 Rapid Evaluation And TEsting Experiences
- Addressing COVID-19 Testing Disparities in Vulnerable Populations Using a Community JITAI (Just in Time Adaptive Intervention) Approach: RADx-UP Phase III
- Evaluating a Community-Led COVID-19 Testing Intervention to Address Mistrust
- An Adaptive Intervention Trial of Home Testing with Behavioral Nudges for Improving COVID-19 Testing and Prevention among People Affected by Diabetes
- Oklahoma Shared Clinical and Translational Resources
- Leveraging Bio-Cultural Mechanisms to Maximize the Impact of Multi-Level Preventable Disease Interventions with Southwest Populations
- Community-Engaged Approaches to Testing in Community and Healthcare Settings for Underserved Populations (CATCH-UP)
- Eliminating COVID-19 Disparities in Arizona in Partnership with Vulnerable/Underserved Communities