dbGaP Study Accession: phs003057
NIH Institute/Center: NCI
RADx Data Program: RADx-UP
DOI: 10.60773/38sx-dw45
Release Date: 11/07/2022
Study Description: The purpose of this proposal was to identify individual, community (population) and structural factors associated with lower rates of COVID-19 testing in Northern New England (NNE), with a focus on underserved and vulnerable populations. This study included several COVID-19 medically and/or socially vulnerable populations: communities with high levels of social vulnerability; community-dwelling older adults; individuals with medical comorbidities known to increase risk of severe COVID-19 and, particularly, rural and remote communities. Analytically, the study qualitatively estimated individual, population and structural factors associated with higher or lower probability of having been tested for COVID-19 by combining comprehensive all-payer claims data across two states with state-level COVID-19 testing data and the CDC vulnerable community index. This study also assessed the geospatial distribution of disparities in COVID-19 testing in NNE using geographic information system methods to examine factors like testing center density and distance on testing rates. The study exploited differences in structure between Vermont and Maine to identify system level factors, including provider accessibility, testing availability and provider payment rules. The key outcomes were COVID-19 testing, hospitalizations and excess mortality among underserved and vulnerable populations in NNE. This study augmented the quantitative analysis with focus groups to identify additional barriers to testing. This study conducted multiple focus groups with individuals from vulnerable populations to identify barriers to COVID-19 testing. Once the individual, community (population) and structural factors that create barriers to COVID-19 testing and excess mortality were identified, potential interventions were tested in two different ways, First, the study developed and deployed a Discrete Choice Experiment (DCE) both in vulnerable communities in NNE and in a nationally representative sample of rural adults to test optimal strategies to increase testing using hypothetical scenarios. Second, the study tested the effect of targeted communication using a rural communication network using optimal communication strategies to facilitate increased testing and test if the communications change individual behavior and reduce health disparities. This study was conducted in partnership with the Department of Health in both Vermont and Maine and numerous community partners. This mixed methods project combined data from qualitative and quantitative analyses to identify barriers to COVID-19 testing with a focus on individuals and communities with high social vulnerability. Approaches to reduce testing disparities using experimental and interventional data were then tested.
Updated Date: 11/07/2022
Principal Investigator: Carney, Jan Kirk
Has Data Files: Yes
Study Domain: Community Outreach Programs; Comorbidities; Screening Testing; Social Determinants of Health; Testing Rate or Uptake; Virological Testing
Data Collection Method: Interview or Focus Group; Survey
Keywords: Aggregate Data; COVID-related Deaths; COVID-related Hospitalizations; Individual-Level Data; Obesity
Study Design: Interventional or Clinical Trial
Multi-Center Study: Yes
Study Sites: University of Southern Maine
Data Types: Clinical; Questionnaire or Survey
Study Start Date: 01/18/2022
Study End Date: 12/31/2023
Species: Human
Estimated Cohort Size: 200
Study Population Focus: Adults; Lower Socioeconomic Status (SES) Populations; Older Adults or Elderly; Rural Communities; Underserved or Vulnerable Populations
Acknowledgement Statement: This study was supported through funding, 5U01CA271329-02, for the National Cancer Institute (NCI) as part of the RADx-UP program. We would like to acknowledge for both Universities of Vermont & Maine, the project research staff, the contributions of participants, and the Departments of Health. Approved users should acknowledge the provision of data access by dbGaP for accession phs003057.v1.p1, and the NIH RADx Data Hub. Approved users should also acknowledge the specific version(s) of the dataset(s) obtained from the NIH RADx Data Hub.
Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) Number: RFA-OD-21-009
NIH Grant or Contract Number(s): 5U01CA271329-02
Consent/Data Use Limitations: General Research Use
Variable Name | Label |
---|---|
nih_record_id | User ID |
nih_race | What is your race? |
nih_ethnicity | Are you of Hispanic or Latino origin? May include Spanish origin. |
nih_age | What is your age? |
nih_sex | What is your biological sex assigned at birth? |
nih_education | What is the highest level of education you have achieved outside or in the United States? |
nih_employment | Please specify your employment status. |
nih_insurance | What kind of health insurance do you have? |
nih_disability | Do you have a disability, including serious physical or mental conditions, that interfere with your ability to carry out daily activities? |
nih_vape_freq | Vaping Frequency: Do you now use electronic cigarettes every day, some days, rarely, or not at all? |
nih_cig_smoke_freq | Nicotine Frequency: Do you now smoke cigarettes? |
nih_smoking_yn | Do you use any tobacco/nicotine products (including cigarettes, cigars, e-cigarettes, etc)? |
nih_history_smoking | History of Smoking |
nih_alcohol_yn | Alcohol use (Yes or No) |
nih_lifetime_use_alcohol | In your entire life, have you had at least 1 drink of any kind of alcohol, not counting small tastes or sips? (Yes or No) |
nih_alcohol_frequency | How often did you have a drink containing alcohol ? |
nih_asthma | Asthma |
nih_cancer_past_yr | Cancer diagnosis and/or treatment within the past 12 months |
nih_cardiovascular_disease | Cardiovascular disease |
nih_chronic_kidney_disease | Chronic kidney disease |
nih_diabetes | Diabetes |
nih_hypertension | Hypertension |
nih_mental_health_disorder | Mental health disorder |
nih_sickle_cell_disease | Sickle cell disease |
nih_pregnancy | Pregnancy status |
nih_immunocompromised | Immunocompromised condition |
nih_autoimm | Autoimmune disease |
nih_copd | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) |
nih_chronic_lung | Other chronic lung disease |
nih_depression | Depression |
nih_alc_sub_abuse | Alcohol or substance use disorder |
nih_iv_drug_use | Intravenous drug use |
nih_other_chronic_cond | Other chronic condition |
nih_cough | Cough |
nih_fever_chills | Fever or Chills |
nih_diff_breath | Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing |
nih_headache | Headache |
nih_muscle_ache | Muscle ache |
nih_olfactory | New loss of taste or smell |
nih_fatigue | Excessive fatigue |
nih_nausea_vomiting_diarrhea | Nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea |
nih_abdom_pain | Abdominal pain |
nih_skin_rash | Skin rash |
nih_throat_congestion_nose | Sore throat, congestion or runny nose |
nih_other_symp | Other |
nih_health_status | Would you say that (your) health in general is excellent, very good, good, fair, or poor? |
nih_height | What is your height in inches? |
nih_weight | What is your weight in pounds? |
age_yrs | Age For babies less than 1 year old, do not write the age in months. Write 0 as the age. (Years) |
bio_sex_birth_2 | What was your sex assigned at birth on your birth certificate? |
cc_asthma_2 | Asthma |
cc_asud_2 | Alcohol or substance use disorder |
cc_autoimm_2 | Autoimmune disease |
cc_cancer_2 | Cancer diagnosis and/or treatment within the past 12 months |
cc_chronickd_2 | Chronic kidney disease (CKD) |
cc_clung_2 | Other chronic lung disease |
cc_copd_2 | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) |
cc_cvd_2 | Cardiovascular disease (CVD or heart disease) |
cc_depression_2 | Depression |
cc_diabetes_2 | Diabetes |
cc_hypertension_2 | Hypertension (HTN, high blood pressure) |
cc_imm_2 | Immunocompromised condition |
cc_intrav_2 | Intravenous drug use |
cc_otherchroniccond_2 | Other chronic condition |
cc_othermh_2 | Other mental health disorder |
cc_sickle_2 | Sickle Cell Anemia |
covid_abpain_2 | Abdominal Pain |
covid_cough_2 | Cough |
covid_diffbreath_2 | Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing |
covid_fever_2 | Fever or chills |
covid_headache_2 | Headache |
covid_myalgia_2 | Muscle or body aches |
covid_nausea_2 | Feeling sick to your stomach or vomiting, diarrhea |
covid_olfactory_2 | New loss of taste or smell |
covid_other_2 | Other |
covid_runnynose_2 | Sore throat, congestion or runny nose |
covid_skinrash_2 | Skin Rash |
current_employment_status | We would like to know about what you do -- are you working now, looking for work, retired, keeping house, a student, or something else? |
hi_coverage_type | What is the primary kind of health insurance or health care plan that you have now? (Exclude plans that pay for only one type of Service (such as, nursing home care, accidents, family planning, or dental care) and plans that only provide extra cash when hospitalized. ) |
lifetime_use_alcohol | In your entire life, have you had at least 1 drink of any kind of alcohol, not counting small tastes or sips? |
pregnancy_status | Are you currently pregnant? |
race_ethn_hispanic | Are you of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin? |
self_reported_disability | Do you have a disability that interferes with your ability to carry out daily activities? Examples of daily activities include walking, climbing stairs, shopping, balancing a checkbook, bathing or dressing. |
self_reported_height_feet | Feet |
self_reported_height_inches | Inches |
self_reported_weight_lbs | How much do you weigh without clothes or shoes? If you are currently pregnant, how much did you weigh before your pregnancy? |
smoker_cur_stat_2 | Do you now smoke cigarettes? |
vaper_cur_stat | Do you now use electronic cigarettes every day, some days, rarely, or not at all? |
alcohol_daysperweek | - |
consentdt_mdy | - |
consent_given | - |
covid_fatique_2 | - |
covid_pandemic_challenges_abod_2 | - |
covid_pandemic_challenges_food_2 | - |
covid_pandemic_challenges_wate_2 | - |
covid_vaccine | - |
cov_pan_chal_hlth_2 | - |
cov_pan_chal_med_2 | - |
cov_pan_chlng_trans_2 | - |
cov_tst_mthd_2 | - |
edu_years_of_school | - |
employed_ew | - |
employed_healthcare_2 | - |
family_income | - |
flu_vaccinehistind_2 | - |
flu_vaccine_season_3 | - |
gender_identity_term_2 | - |
hi_loss_covid | - |
household_famgen_3 | - |
household_homeless | - |
index | - |
isolate_maintain_job | - |
jobloss_covid19_2 | - |
language_home___1 | - |
language_home___22 | - |
language_home___9 | - |
language_pref | - |
positivemonth_covidtest_2 | - |
positiveyear_covidtest_3 | - |
quarantine_maintain_job | - |
race_ethn_race___1 | - |
race_ethn_race___5 | - |
recentmonth_covidtest_2 | - |
recentresult_covidtest | - |
recentyear_covidtest_3 | - |
redcap_repeat_instance | - |
redcap_repeat_instrument | - |
self_reported_health_status_assessment | - |
self_reported_height_coded | - |
self_reported_weight_units_2 | - |
sex_orient_id | - |
smoker_number | - |
test_accesseasy_2 | - |
test_accesswhere_2 | - |
tested_for_covid | - |
tested_positive_for_covid | - |
vaccine_concerns_3___1 | - |
vaccine_concerns_3___2 | - |
vaccine_concerns_3___4 | - |
vaccine_concerns_3___6 | - |
vaccine_concerns_3___7 | - |
vaccine_concerns_3___8 | - |
vaccine_concerns_3___9 | - |
vaccine_concerns_3___96 | - |
vaccine_reasons_3___1 | - |
vaccine_reasons_3___10 | - |
vaccine_reasons_3___11 | - |
vaccine_reasons_3___2 | - |
vaccine_reasons_3___3 | - |
vaccine_reasons_3___4 | - |
vaccine_reasons_3___5 | - |
vaccine_reasons_3___6 | - |
vaccine_reasons_3___7 | - |
vaccine_reasons_3___8 | - |
work_closecont_2 | - |
work_ppe_2 | - |
work_wash_2 | - |