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Study Information

dbGaP Study Accession: phs002582

NIH Institute/Center: NIMH

RADx Data Program: RADx-UP

DOI: 10.60773/1qmd-nt62

Release Date: 08/30/2023

Study Description: Black communities in the US are experiencing three converging public health crises: COVID-19, systemic racism, and community and police violence. Black Americans are significantly less likely to receive a needed COVID-19 test and have higher rates of COVID-19 infection and death than white Americans. Additionally, Black communities have experienced a surge in gun violence in 2020 and continue to be victims of police harassment and violence, resulting in large-scale social justice demonstrations. The convergence of these epidemics has created a syndemic, wherein racism, violence, and COVID-19 cluster in predominantly Black and low-income communities. This study aimed to characterize this syndemic to understand how personal and systemic racism and violence in Black communities may influence COVID-19 testing decisions. This mixed-method study with Black residents of Chicago, IL resulted in community-driven recommendations to enhance COVID-19 testing and prevention strategies and address this emerging syndemic. The potential mediating pathways of medical mistrust, psychological trauma and stress, and economic injustice were examined in this study. Additionally, a strengths-based approach was taken to understand potential protective factors including neighborhood cohesion, social support, and access to health care. The specific aims of the study were to: 1) Qualitatively examine how experiences of racial discrimination, community violence, and police violence influence trust in, and engagement with, healthcare systems and contribute to decisions around COVID-19 testing and mitigation strategies (e.g., social distancing) among Black individuals in Chicago (N=S0); 2) Quantitatively assess the prevalence and correlates of COVID-19 testing among Black residents in Chicago (N = 500) and characterize the COVID-19, racism, and violence syndemic; and 3) In partnership with a Community Advisory Council, use an integrative translational workshop approach and intervention mapping techniques to develop community and data-driven recommendations and an intervention blueprint for local health departments, researchers, and public health organizations to improve COVID-19 testing among Black Americans. This study resulted in policy and research recommendations, community resources, and a 'shovel-ready' intervention blueprint to enhance COVID-19 testing and address this emerging syndemic.

Updated Date: 04/17/2024

Principal Investigator: Quinn, Katherine G

Has Data Files: Yes

Study Domain: Pandemic Perceptions or Decision-Making; Social Determinants of Health; Testing Rate or Uptake

Data Collection Method: Interview or Focus Group; Survey

Keywords: Testing Disparities

Study Design: Mixed Methods

Multi-Center Study: No

Data Types: Behavioral; Psychological; Questionnaire or Survey; Social

Study Start Date: 11/01/2020

Study End Date: 10/31/2022

Species: Human

Estimated Cohort Size: 500

Study Population Focus: Adults; African Americans; Lower Socioeconomic Status (SES) Populations; Older Adults or Elderly; Racial or Ethnic Minorities; Underserved or Vulnerable Populations

Acknowledgement Statement: This study was supported through funding, 3R21MH122010-02S1, for the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) as part of the RADx-UP program. We would like to thank our Community Advisory Council (CAC), who provided guidance and leadership throughout the study. We would also like to acknowledge the work of our team at the Center for AIDS Intervention Research at the Medical College of Wisconsin and the Sinai Urban Health Institute (SUHI) in Chicago. Finally, we extend our gratitude to our study participants in Chicago who were willing to share their stories and trust us with sensitive information about their lives. Approved users should acknowledge the provision of data access by dbGaP for accession phs002582.v1.p1, and the NIH RADx Data Hub. Approved users should also acknowledge the specific version(s) of the dataset(s) obtained from the NIH RADx Data Hub.

Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) Number: RFA-MH-20-201

NIH Grant or Contract Number(s): 3R21MH122010-02S1

Consent/Data Use Limitations: General Research Use

Variable Information
Total Variables: 201
Study Variables Information Table
Variable Name
Label
nih_record_idUser ID
nih_raceWhat is your race?
nih_ethnicityAre you of Hispanic or Latino origin? May include Spanish origin.
nih_ageWhat is your age?
nih_sexWhat is your biological sex assigned at birth?
nih_educationWhat is the highest level of education you have achieved outside or in the United States?
nih_employmentPlease specify your employment status.
nih_insuranceWhat kind of health insurance do you have?
nih_disabilityDo you have a disability, including serious physical or mental conditions, that interfere with your ability to carry out daily activities?
nih_vape_freqVaping Frequency: Do you now use electronic cigarettes every day, some days, rarely, or not at all?
nih_cig_smoke_freqNicotine Frequency: Do you now smoke cigarettes?
nih_smoking_ynDo you use any tobacco/nicotine products (including cigarettes, cigars, e-cigarettes, etc)?
nih_history_smokingHistory of Smoking
nih_alcohol_ynAlcohol use (Yes or No)
nih_lifetime_use_alcoholIn your entire life, have you had at least 1 drink of any kind of alcohol, not counting small tastes or sips? (Yes or No)
nih_alcohol_frequencyHow often did you have a drink containing alcohol ?
nih_asthmaAsthma
nih_cancer_past_yrCancer diagnosis and/or treatment within the past 12 months
nih_cardiovascular_diseaseCardiovascular disease
nih_chronic_kidney_diseaseChronic kidney disease
nih_diabetesDiabetes
nih_hypertensionHypertension
nih_mental_health_disorderMental health disorder
nih_sickle_cell_diseaseSickle cell disease
nih_pregnancyPregnancy status
nih_immunocompromisedImmunocompromised condition
nih_autoimmAutoimmune disease
nih_copdChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
nih_chronic_lungOther chronic lung disease
nih_depressionDepression
nih_alc_sub_abuseAlcohol or substance use disorder
nih_iv_drug_useIntravenous drug use
nih_other_chronic_condOther chronic condition
nih_health_statusWould you say that (your) health in general is excellent, very good, good, fair, or poor?
nih_heightWhat is your height in inches?
nih_weightWhat is your weight in pounds?
age_yrsAge For babies less than 1 year old, do not write the age in months. Write 0 as the age. (Years)
bio_sex_birth_2What was your sex assigned at birth on your birth certificate?
cc_asthma_2Asthma
cc_asud_2Alcohol or substance use disorder
cc_autoimm_2Autoimmune disease
cc_cancer_2Cancer diagnosis and/or treatment within the past 12 months
cc_chronickd_2Chronic kidney disease (CKD)
cc_clung_2Other chronic lung disease
cc_copd_2Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
cc_cvd_2Cardiovascular disease (CVD or heart disease)
cc_depression_2Depression
cc_diabetes_2Diabetes
cc_hypertension_2Hypertension (HTN, high blood pressure)
cc_imm_2Immunocompromised condition
cc_intrav_2Intravenous drug use
cc_otherchroniccond_2Other chronic condition
cc_othermh_2Other mental health disorder
cc_sickle_2Sickle Cell Anemia
current_employment_statusWe would like to know about what you do -- are you working now, looking for work, retired, keeping house, a student, or something else?
hi_coverage_typeWhat is the primary kind of health insurance or health care plan that you have now? (Exclude plans that pay for only one type of Service (such as, nursing home care, accidents, family planning, or dental care) and plans that only provide extra cash when hospitalized. )
lifetime_use_alcoholIn your entire life, have you had at least 1 drink of any kind of alcohol, not counting small tastes or sips?
pregnancy_statusAre you currently pregnant?
race_ethn_hispanicAre you of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin?
self_reported_disabilityDo you have a disability that interferes with your ability to carry out daily activities? Examples of daily activities include walking, climbing stairs, shopping, balancing a checkbook, bathing or dressing.
self_reported_height_feetFeet
self_reported_height_inchesInches
self_reported_weight_lbsHow much do you weigh without clothes or shoes? If you are currently pregnant, how much did you weigh before your pregnancy?
smoker_cur_stat_2Do you now smoke cigarettes?
vaper_cur_statDo you now use electronic cigarettes every day, some days, rarely, or not at all?
alcohol_date_mdy-
alcohol_daysperweek-
alcohol_drinksperday-
consent_given-
covid_pandemic_challenges_abod_2-
covid_pandemic_challenges_food_2-
covid_pandemic_challenges_wate_2-
covid_vaccine-
covid_vaccine_course-
cov_pan_chal_hlth_2-
cov_pan_chal_med_2-
cov_pan_chlng_trans_2-
edu_years_of_school-
employed_ew-
employed_healthcare_2-
family_income-
fi_afford_balanced_meals-
fi_change_diet-
fi_change_diet_frequency-
fi_eat_less-
fi_food_money_frequency-
fi_high_quality_2-
fi_hungry-
flu_vaccinehistind_2-
flu_vaccine_season_3-
gender_identity_term_2-
hi_loss_covid-
hlthstat_date_mdy-
household_congregate_3-
household_famgen_3-
household_homeless-
housing_date_mdy-
iden_date_mdy-
isolate_maintain_job-
jobloss_covid19_2-
language_english-
language_home___1-
language_home___2-
language_home___3-
language_home___4-
language_home___5-
language_home___6-
language_home___7-
language_home___8-
language_home___9-
language_home___90-
language_home___99-
med_hx_date_mdy-
missed_procedure_2-
positivemonth_covidtest_2-
positiveyear_covidtest_3-
quarantine_maintain_job-
race_ethn_asian_detail_3___1-
race_ethn_asian_detail_3___2-
race_ethn_asian_detail_3___3-
race_ethn_asian_detail_3___4-
race_ethn_asian_detail_3___5-
race_ethn_asian_detail_3___99-
race_ethn_hispanic_detail_2___1-
race_ethn_hispanic_detail_2___2-
race_ethn_hispanic_detail_2___3-
race_ethn_hispanic_detail_2___4-
race_ethn_hispanic_detail_2___5-
race_ethn_hispanic_detail_2___6-
race_ethn_hispanic_detail_2___7-
race_ethn_hispanic_detail_2___99-
race_ethn_islander_detail_2___1-
race_ethn_islander_detail_2___10-
race_ethn_islander_detail_2___11-
race_ethn_islander_detail_2___12-
race_ethn_islander_detail_2___13-
race_ethn_islander_detail_2___14-
race_ethn_islander_detail_2___2-
race_ethn_islander_detail_2___3-
race_ethn_islander_detail_2___4-
race_ethn_islander_detail_2___5-
race_ethn_islander_detail_2___6-
race_ethn_islander_detail_2___7-
race_ethn_islander_detail_2___8-
race_ethn_islander_detail_2___9-
race_ethn_islander_detail_2___99-
race_ethn_race___1-
race_ethn_race___15-
race_ethn_race___2-
race_ethn_race___3-
race_ethn_race___4-
race_ethn_race___5-
race_ethn_race___99-
recentmonth_covidtest_2-
recentresult_covidtest-
recentyear_covidtest_3-
redcap_event_name-
redcap_repeat_instance-
redcap_repeat_instrument-
self_reported_health_status_assessment-
self_reported_height_coded-
self_reported_weight_units_2-
sex_orient_id-
smoker_number-
smoke_years-
sociodem_date_mdy-
test_accesseasy_2-
test_accesswhere_2-
tested_for_covid-
tested_positive_for_covid-
trust_coll_2-
trust_cortf_2-
trust_doc_2-
trust_fam_2-
trust_flead_2-
trust_news_2-
trust_social_2-
trust_usgov_2-
vacc_date_mdy-
vaccine_concerns_3___1-
vaccine_concerns_3___10-
vaccine_concerns_3___2-
vaccine_concerns_3___3-
vaccine_concerns_3___4-
vaccine_concerns_3___5-
vaccine_concerns_3___6-
vaccine_concerns_3___7-
vaccine_concerns_3___8-
vaccine_concerns_3___9-
vaccine_reasons_3___1-
vaccine_reasons_3___2-
vaccine_reasons_3___3-
vaccine_reasons_3___4-
vaccine_reasons_3___5-
vaccine_reasons_3___6-
vaccine_reasons_3___7-
vaccine_reasons_3___8-
vaccine_reasons_3___9-
work_closecont_2-
work_ppe_2-
work_wash_2-
Study Documents
Study Documents Table
Document
Document Name
File Size
Download
Study Documentationphs002582_Project 61_Protocol.pdf180.71 KB
READMEproject61_README.html274.67 KB
Data Files
Total Files: 6
Data Files: 2
Metadata Files: 2
Dictionary Files: 2
Study Datasets Table
File Name
File Type
File Format(s)
# of Records
# of Variables
Metadata
Dictionary
project61_DATA_transformcopy.csvTabular Data - Harmonizedcsv538
project61_DATA_origcopy.csvTabular Data - Non-harmonizedcsv538